1. To identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA. This involved mapping the location of each gene on the chromosomes and determining the sequence of the 3 billion base pairs that make up human DNA.

2. To create a detailed map of the entire human genome. This involved identifying markers across the genome, similar to landmarks on a road map, to aid in navigation and understanding the organization of the genetic code.

These goals paved the way for immense advancements in understanding human biology, disease, and personalized medicine.