1. G1 Phase (First Gap Phase):
* The cell grows and increases its size.
* It synthesizes proteins and other molecules necessary for cell function and division.
* Organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes are duplicated.
* The cell checks its internal environment for readiness to proceed to DNA replication.
2. S Phase (Synthesis Phase):
* The cell replicates its DNA. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genetic material.
* The chromosomes are duplicated, resulting in two identical copies called sister chromatids, attached at the centromere.
3. G2 Phase (Second Gap Phase):
* The cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins needed for mitosis.
* The cell checks the duplicated chromosomes for any errors and repairs them if necessary.
* Organelles continue to duplicate, and the cell prepares for the final division process.
After completing these stages, the cell enters the M phase (mitosis), which involves the actual division of the nucleus and cytoplasm to produce two identical daughter cells.
Therefore, the cell undergoes significant preparation during interphase to ensure that mitosis proceeds smoothly and produces viable daughter cells. This includes:
* Growing and increasing its size.
* Synthesizing essential molecules and proteins.
* Replicating its DNA and organelles.
* Checking for errors in the duplicated chromosomes.
* Preparing for the actual division process.
