The intentional alteration or transfer of genetic material is called genetic engineering.

Here's a breakdown:

* Genetic Engineering: This refers to the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. It involves techniques like:

* Gene Editing: Precisely modifying existing genes.

* Gene Transfer: Introducing new genes into an organism.

* Gene Silencing: Preventing genes from being expressed.

This field has a wide range of applications, including:

* Medicine: Developing new treatments for diseases, creating personalized therapies.

* Agriculture: Enhancing crop yields, increasing disease resistance.

* Industry: Producing biofuels, developing new materials.

Let me know if you have more questions!