* Extracellular pathogens: These pathogens reside outside of cells and are primarily targeted by humoral immunity (antibodies). Examples include:
* Bacteria: Many bacterial infections are primarily controlled by antibodies.
* Viruses: Some viruses, like those that cause influenza and rotavirus, are primarily controlled by antibodies.
* Parasites: Some parasites, like helminths, are mainly controlled by antibodies.
* Toxins: Toxins produced by bacteria or other organisms are not directly targeted by CMI. Antibody-mediated neutralization is the primary defense against toxins.
It is important to note that some pathogens can evade both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. For example, some bacteria have capsules that prevent antibodies from binding, while others have mechanisms to avoid detection by immune cells.
Overall, the effectiveness of CMI against a specific pathogen depends on factors such as the pathogen's life cycle, its ability to evade the immune system, and the specific type of immune response elicited.
