* Genes: DNA is organized into genes, which are specific segments of DNA that code for a particular protein.
* Transcription: The process of protein synthesis starts with transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
* Translation: The mRNA molecule then travels out of the nucleus to the ribosomes, where the information it carries is translated into a chain of amino acids.
* Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids in the chain is determined by the sequence of codons (three-nucleotide units) in the mRNA.
* Protein Folding: The amino acid chain folds into a specific three-dimensional structure, forming the functional protein.
In summary: DNA contains the genetic code that dictates the sequence of amino acids in a protein, which ultimately determines its structure and function.
