Fermentation
* End products:
* Lactic acid fermentation: Lactic acid
* Alcoholic fermentation: Ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
* Key Point: Fermentation does not require oxygen and is much less efficient at producing energy than cellular respiration. It is a way for cells to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
* End products:
* Carbon dioxide (CO2)
* Water (H2O)
* ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - the main energy currency of cells
* Key Point: Cellular respiration requires oxygen and is the most efficient way for cells to produce energy. It generates much more ATP than fermentation.
Summary Table
| Process | End Products | Requires Oxygen? |
|--------------|------------------------------|------------------|
| Fermentation | Lactic acid OR Ethanol + CO2 | No |
| Respiration | CO2 + H2O + ATP | Yes |
