1. Replication of DNA: The bacteria's single circular chromosome replicates, creating two identical copies.
2. Cell Growth: The cell elongates and grows larger.
3. Separation of Chromosomes: The two replicated chromosomes move to opposite ends of the elongated cell.
4. Cell Division: The cell membrane and cell wall pinch inward, dividing the cell into two identical daughter cells, each with a complete copy of the original DNA.
Key Features of Binary Fission:
* Fast: Bacteria can reproduce very quickly, sometimes dividing every 20 minutes under optimal conditions.
* Asexual: The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell.
* Simple: It's a relatively simple process, requiring minimal energy and resources.
Other Modes of Genetic Transfer (Not Reproduction):
While binary fission is the primary mode of reproduction, bacteria can also exchange genetic material through:
* Transformation: Bacteria take up DNA from their environment.
* Transduction: DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another via a virus.
* Conjugation: DNA is transferred directly from one bacterium to another through a pilus.
These processes allow bacteria to share genes and evolve more quickly.
