1. Insulin: Previously extracted from pig or cow pancreases, insulin for diabetes treatment is now produced by genetically modified bacteria. This allows for large-scale, consistent production of human insulin, eliminating ethical concerns and ensuring greater purity.
2. Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rHGH): This hormone, used to treat growth deficiencies, is now produced using genetically engineered bacteria. Previously extracted from human pituitary glands, rHGH provides a safer and more readily available source.
3. Genetically Modified Crops: Biotechnological techniques have resulted in crops resistant to herbicides, pests, and diseases, improving agricultural yields and reducing reliance on pesticides. Examples include insect-resistant corn and herbicide-tolerant soybeans.
4. Vaccines: Vaccines against diseases like hepatitis B, influenza, and HPV are produced using biotechnology. They often use genetically engineered viruses or bacteria to produce weakened or inactive forms of the pathogen, triggering an immune response without causing illness.
5. Antibiotics: Antibiotics, like penicillin, are produced through fermentation processes using microorganisms. Biotechnological advancements have led to the development of new, more effective antibiotics targeting specific bacteria, combating antibiotic resistance.
These examples highlight the diverse and impactful role biotechnology plays in producing products for healthcare, agriculture, and various other sectors.
