While there are many components within an animal cell, the four most basic and essential parts are:

1. Plasma membrane: This is the outer boundary of the cell, controlling what enters and exits. It's a selectively permeable barrier.

2. Cytoplasm: This is the gel-like substance that fills the cell, containing all the organelles and providing a medium for chemical reactions.

3. Nucleus: This is the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) and directing all cellular activities.

4. Ribosomes: These are small structures responsible for protein synthesis, the building blocks of the cell.

These four components work together to ensure the survival and function of the animal cell.