Here's how it works:

1. Replication of DNA: The single circular chromosome of Thermococcus litoralis replicates.

2. Cell Growth: The cell elongates and increases in size.

3. Cell Division: The cell membrane and cell wall invaginate and pinch inwards, dividing the cell into two daughter cells.

4. Daughter Cells: Each daughter cell receives a copy of the original chromosome and becomes a new independent organism.

This process is similar to the way many bacteria reproduce.