The part of a chromosome that carries information and controls traits is called a gene.

Here's a breakdown:

* Chromosomes: These are long, thread-like structures found in the nucleus of every cell. They are made up of DNA, which is the blueprint of life.

* Genes: Specific segments of DNA located on chromosomes. Each gene contains the instructions for building a particular protein or regulating a specific cellular function.

* Traits: Characteristics or features that are passed down from parents to offspring. These traits are determined by the genes an individual inherits.

For example:

* A gene on chromosome 19 determines eye color.

* A gene on chromosome 7 determines hair color.

* A gene on chromosome 11 determines blood type.

In summary: Genes, the functional units of heredity, are located on chromosomes and contain the instructions that determine our traits.