1. Phosphate group: Both DNA and RNA have a phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar. This phosphate group forms the backbone of the nucleic acid chain, linking the sugars together.
2. Sugar: While the sugar is slightly different (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), both are pentose sugars, meaning they have five carbons.
3. Nitrogenous bases: Both DNA and RNA have four nitrogenous bases, although one is different:
* Adenine (A)
* Guanine (G)
* Cytosine (C)
* Thymine (T) in DNA and Uracil (U) in RNA
4. Nucleotides: Both DNA and RNA are made up of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
It's important to note that while they share these structures, their functions are distinct. DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is involved in the process of protein synthesis.
