* Energy Input: Biomes receive energy from the sun, which drives primary productivity (photosynthesis by plants).

* Energy Output: Biomes release energy through respiration and heat loss.

* Matter Input: Biomes receive nutrients from the atmosphere (rain, nitrogen fixation), rocks (weathering), and surrounding ecosystems.

* Matter Output: Biomes lose matter through runoff, leaching, and the migration of organisms.

Examples:

* Forests: Receive water and nutrients from rainfall, lose water through transpiration, and exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen with the atmosphere.

* Deserts: Receive energy from the sun, lose water through evaporation, and receive nutrients from wind-blown dust.

* Oceans: Receive energy from the sun, lose heat through evaporation, and exchange gases with the atmosphere.

Key characteristics of an open system:

* Continuous exchange: There is a constant flow of energy and matter in and out of the system.

* Dynamic equilibrium: While there is exchange, the system tends towards a relatively stable state, with inputs and outputs balancing over time.

* Interconnectedness: Changes in one part of the system can influence other parts, creating feedback loops.

In conclusion: Biomes are not isolated systems, they are interconnected with their surroundings and constantly exchanging energy and matter. This openness is crucial for their functioning and stability.