1. Membrane-bound organelles: Eukaryotic cells have a complex internal structure with various membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. These organelles compartmentalize cellular functions and allow for more efficient and specialized processes. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, lack these organelles and their functions are carried out by the plasma membrane and cytoplasm.
2. A true nucleus: Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material, DNA, in the form of chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and their DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane.
