Here's a breakdown:

* Ribosomes: These are tiny organelles found throughout the cytoplasm of a cell, as well as attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are like protein factories, reading the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) and assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains, which fold into functional proteins.

* Messenger RNA (mRNA): This molecule carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Here's a simplified summary:

1. DNA in the nucleus contains the instructions for making proteins.

2. This information is copied into mRNA.

3. mRNA travels to the ribosome.

4. The ribosome reads the code on mRNA and assembles amino acids into a protein chain.

5. The protein chain folds into a specific 3D shape, becoming a functional protein.