Here's a breakdown:

* Bacilli (singular: bacillus): These are rod-shaped bacteria. They can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the human body.

* Capsule-shaped bacteria: This describes bacteria that have a protective outer layer called a capsule. The capsule is made of polysaccharides (sugars) and can help the bacteria evade the immune system, attach to surfaces, and resist desiccation (drying out).

Important Note: A bacterium can be both rod-shaped (bacillus) and have a capsule.

Here are some examples of rod-shaped bacteria:

* E. coli: A common bacterium found in the human gut, some strains can cause food poisoning.

* Salmonella: A bacterium that can cause food poisoning, typhoid fever, and other illnesses.

* Bacillus anthracis: The causative agent of anthrax.

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.

Remember, the shape and presence of a capsule are just two characteristics used to classify bacteria. There are many other factors, such as their metabolic processes and genetic makeup, that contribute to their classification.