A mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations can be caused by various factors, including:
* Errors during DNA replication: When cells divide, their DNA is copied. Sometimes, mistakes are made during this process, leading to mutations.
* Environmental factors: Exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and other environmental agents can damage DNA and cause mutations.
* Errors during cell division: During cell division, chromosomes are separated and distributed to daughter cells. Sometimes, errors occur, leading to mutations.
Mutations can have a variety of effects, ranging from no noticeable effect to serious diseases.
