Organelles:
* Nucleus: This is the control center of the cell, containing the DNA and directing cellular activities.
* Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.
* Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of membranes involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification.
* Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.
* Lysosomes: Vesicles filled with enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
* Peroxisomes: Vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide.
* Vacuoles: Large, fluid-filled sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste products. (Plant cells have a large central vacuole).
Other Features:
* Linear DNA: Eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes, which are linear structures.
* Internal Membranes: Eukaryotic cells have extensive internal membrane systems that compartmentalize the cell and allow for specialized functions.
* Cytoskeleton: A network of protein filaments that provide structural support, facilitate movement, and transport materials within the cell.
* Complex Cell Wall (in plants): Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that provides structural support and protection.
Important Note: While most of these structures are unique to eukaryotes, some prokaryotes may possess structures that are analogous in function. For example, some bacteria have structures that resemble mitochondria or ER, although they are structurally different.
