Here's a breakdown:
* Amino Acids: There are 20 different amino acids that are commonly found in proteins. Each amino acid has:
* A central carbon atom: This carbon is bonded to four groups:
* An amino group (NH2): This group is basic and gives the molecule its "amino" name.
* A carboxyl group (COOH): This group is acidic and gives the molecule its "acid" name.
* A hydrogen atom (H):
* A side chain (R group): This is the unique part of each amino acid, giving it its specific chemical properties.
* Peptide Bonds: Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds. These bonds are formed through a dehydration reaction (loss of water) between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next.
In Summary:
1. Subunits: Amino acids
2. Bond: Peptide bonds
Key points:
* The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique three-dimensional structure, which in turn determines its function.
* Proteins perform a vast array of functions in the body, including:
* Enzymes: Catalyze biochemical reactions.
* Hormones: Act as chemical messengers.
* Structural components: Provide support and shape to cells and tissues.
* Antibodies: Help fight infections.
* Transport proteins: Carry molecules across cell membranes.
