* Chromosomes: These are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They are composed of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones.

* Nucleosomes: These are the basic units of chromatin, which is the substance that makes up chromosomes. A nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins.

While DNA and protein are the main components of chromosomes and nucleosomes, other proteins are also involved in the structure and function of these structures. For example, non-histone proteins play a role in regulating gene expression and DNA replication.

It's also worth mentioning that mitochondria, the "powerhouses" of the cell, also contain their own DNA, which is separate from the nuclear DNA. This mitochondrial DNA is associated with proteins involved in mitochondrial function.