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  • Understanding DNA Structure: Nucleotides and Their Components
    DNA is composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts:

    1. A phosphate group: This is a negatively charged molecule that gives DNA its acidic properties.

    2. A sugar molecule: In DNA, this is deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar.

    3. A nitrogenous base: There are four different nitrogenous bases in DNA:

    * Adenine (A)

    * Guanine (G)

    * Cytosine (C)

    * Thymine (T)

    These nucleotides are linked together in a long chain, forming a polynucleotide. The phosphate group of one nucleotide binds to the sugar of the next nucleotide, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone.

    The nitrogenous bases stick out from the backbone and are responsible for holding the two DNA strands together. Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine always pairs with cytosine (G-C), forming the famous double helix structure of DNA.

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