* Cell membrane: This thin, flexible barrier encloses the cell and regulates what enters and leaves.
* Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains the organelles.
* Ribosomes: These tiny structures are responsible for protein synthesis.
* Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): A network of membranes that plays a role in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as detoxification.
* Golgi apparatus: This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
* Mitochondria: The "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for generating energy (ATP).
* Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
* Nucleolus: A structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes.
* Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
In addition to these organelles, both animal and plant cells contain water, inorganic ions, and various organic molecules.
