1. Biotic Factors: These are the living components of an ecosystem. This includes all the plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms that interact within the ecosystem. They are interconnected through food webs and relationships like competition, predation, and symbiosis.

2. Abiotic Factors: These are the non-living components of an ecosystem. This includes things like sunlight, temperature, water, soil, air, and minerals. These factors directly affect the survival and distribution of living organisms within the ecosystem.

These two components are inseparable, and their interactions create a complex and dynamic system.