* Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
* Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
* Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as detoxification.
* Golgi apparatus: Processes and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
* Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.
* Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down cellular waste products and debris.
* Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains the organelles.
* Cell membrane: Outermost layer of the cell that regulates what enters and exits.
While both plant and animal cells have these organelles in common, plant cells have additional features such as:
* Chloroplasts: Sites of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy.
* Cell wall: Rigid outer layer providing structural support.
* Vacuoles: Large, fluid-filled sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste.
