Here's a breakdown of the process:
1. Unwinding and Separation: The DNA double helix unwinds and separates into two strands. This is done by an enzyme called helicase.
2. Primer Binding: A short RNA primer binds to each template strand, providing a starting point for DNA synthesis.
3. Elongation: DNA polymerase, the main enzyme involved in replication, adds nucleotides to the primer, forming a new strand complementary to the template strand. This occurs in a 5' to 3' direction.
4. Leading and Lagging Strands: Since DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in one direction, the two strands are replicated differently. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
5. Joining Fragments: Ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together to create a continuous DNA strand.
Result: Two identical DNA molecules are produced from one original DNA molecule, ensuring accurate transmission of genetic information during cell division.
