Major Components:
* Water (H₂O): Makes up roughly 55-78% of the human body, depending on factors like age and gender. It's essential for numerous bodily functions, including temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste removal.
* Proteins: Account for about 15-20% of body weight. These complex molecules are crucial for building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes and hormones, and transporting substances.
* Fat (Lipids): Constitute about 15-20% of body weight, though this can vary significantly. Fats provide energy, insulate the body, and protect vital organs.
* Carbohydrates: Comprise about 1-3% of body weight. They are the body's primary source of energy, and some are also involved in cell structure and function.
* Minerals: Make up about 4% of body weight. These inorganic substances play vital roles in bone structure, nerve function, muscle contraction, and fluid balance. Examples include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and iron.
Other Components:
* Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA): These carry genetic information and are essential for cell growth and function.
* Vitamins: Organic compounds that are crucial for various metabolic processes and overall health.
Elemental Composition:
While the percentages can vary slightly, the major elements in the human body by weight are:
* Oxygen (O): ~65%
* Carbon (C): ~18%
* Hydrogen (H): ~10%
* Nitrogen (N): ~3%
* Calcium (Ca): ~1.5%
* Phosphorus (P): ~1%
* Potassium (K): ~0.25%
* Sulfur (S): ~0.25%
* Sodium (Na): ~0.15%
* Chlorine (Cl): ~0.15%
* Magnesium (Mg): ~0.05%
* Iron (Fe): ~0.006%
Note: This composition is a general guideline, and individual variations can occur based on factors such as age, gender, diet, and health status.
