1. Sexual reproduction: This involves the combination of genetic material from two parents (usually a male and a female) to create offspring. This process typically involves specialized sex cells called gametes (sperm and egg) that fuse together to form a zygote, which develops into a new individual.

2. Asexual reproduction: This involves a single parent producing offspring that are genetically identical to itself. There is no involvement of gametes or fertilization. Examples include budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis.