* Structure: They are composed of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix.
* Nucleotides: Each nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
* Base pairing: Adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T), and guanine always pairs with cytosine (G-C) through hydrogen bonds. This specific pairing is crucial for maintaining the structure and function of DNA.
* Genetic information: The sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule carries genetic information. The order of bases determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which ultimately dictate the traits of an organism.
* Replication: DNA can replicate itself, creating identical copies that are passed on to offspring during cell division. This ensures the continuity of genetic information.
While all DNA molecules share these common features, their specific sequences of nucleotides can vary tremendously, leading to the diversity of life.
