Bones: These are the rigid, hard structures that provide support, shape, and protection to the body. The major bones include:
* Skull: Protects the brain and houses the sense organs.
* Vertebral Column: Supports the body, protects the spinal cord, and allows for movement.
* Rib Cage: Protects the heart and lungs.
* Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder): Connects the arms to the axial skeleton.
* Pelvic Girdle (Hip): Connects the legs to the axial skeleton.
* Upper Limbs: Includes the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
* Lower Limbs: Includes the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
Cartilage: This is a flexible, rubbery tissue that provides cushioning, support, and smooth surfaces for joints. Key cartilage types include:
* Hyaline cartilage: Found in joints, ribs, nose, and trachea.
* Elastic cartilage: Found in the ear and epiglottis.
* Fibrocartilage: Found in intervertebral discs and menisci of the knee.
Ligaments: These are strong, fibrous tissues that connect bones to each other, helping to stabilize joints.
Tendons: These are tough, fibrous cords that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement.
While the skeletal system is often thought of primarily as bones, it's important to remember these other components play essential roles in its function.
