The solid component of the blood that destroys microorganisms by phagocytosis is a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil.

Here's why:

* Phagocytosis: This is the process where cells engulf and destroy foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

* Neutrophils: These are the most abundant type of white blood cell in the body, and they are the first responders to infection. They are highly mobile and can quickly move to the site of infection.

Other white blood cells, like macrophages, also perform phagocytosis, but neutrophils are the primary cells involved in this process.