1. Deoxyribose sugar: This is a five-carbon sugar that forms the core of each nucleotide.
2. Phosphate group: This is a negatively charged group that links the deoxyribose sugars together.
The sugar-phosphate backbone is essentially a chain of alternating sugars and phosphates, forming the structural framework of the DNA molecule. The nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) are attached to the sugars, sticking out from this backbone like rungs on a ladder.
