1. Replication of DNA:
- The single, circular chromosome in the prokaryotic cell replicates, creating two identical copies.
2. Cell Growth and Elongation:
- The cell begins to grow in size, elongating and eventually becoming roughly twice its original size.
3. Separation of DNA Copies:
- The two replicated chromosomes move to opposite ends of the elongating cell.
4. Formation of a Septum:
- A new cell wall and plasma membrane begin to grow inward from the cell's periphery, forming a septum that divides the cell in two.
5. Cytokinesis:
- The septum completely divides the cell, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with its own copy of the original chromosome.
Key features of binary fission:
* Asexual reproduction: Only one parent cell is involved.
* Rapid reproduction: The process is relatively quick, allowing for rapid population growth.
* Genetic uniformity: Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell, leading to limited genetic diversity.
Advantages of binary fission:
* Efficiency: It's a simple and efficient way to reproduce.
* Rapid population growth: Allows for quick colonization of new environments.
Disadvantages of binary fission:
* Lack of genetic variation: This can make populations vulnerable to environmental changes.
Binary fission is the primary mode of reproduction for prokaryotes, including bacteria and archaea.
