For sugarcane:
* Sugar cane (common alternative spelling)
* Saccharum officinarum (scientific name)
* Sweet cane
* Guinea grass (sometimes used, though it's not entirely accurate)
For sugar beet:
* Beetroot
* Garden beet
* Beta vulgaris (scientific name)
For maple:
* Maple tree
* Sugar maple (specifically Acer saccharum)
For date palm:
* Phoenix dactylifera (scientific name)
For coconut palm:
* Cocos nucifera (scientific name)
For sorghum:
* Sorghum bicolor (scientific name)
* Great millet
* Indian millet
For agave:
* Maguey
* Century plant
* Agave tequilana (for tequila agave)
If you tell me the specific type of sugar you're interested in, I can give you a more precise answer!