* Monogenic: Means "controlled by one gene".
* Allele: A variant form of a gene.
Examples of monogenic traits with two alleles:
* Eye color: In some cases, eye color is primarily determined by a single gene with two alleles: one for brown eyes (dominant) and one for blue eyes (recessive).
* Hair color: Similar to eye color, hair color can be influenced by a single gene with two alleles, one for dark hair (dominant) and one for light hair (recessive).
* Cystic fibrosis: This genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a single gene.
* Huntington's disease: A neurodegenerative disorder also caused by a mutation in a single gene.
Important note: While many traits are influenced by multiple genes, some simple traits are controlled by a single gene. However, even for monogenic traits, the expression of the trait can be influenced by other factors like the environment.
