An ecosystem encompasses all the living organisms (biotic factors) within a specific area, along with their nonliving surroundings (abiotic factors). This includes:

* Biotic Factors: Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other living organisms.

* Abiotic Factors: Temperature, sunlight, water, soil, and air.

Ecosystems can be large (like a rainforest) or small (like a puddle). They all function as interconnected systems where living things interact with each other and their environment.