1. Organization: Organisms are composed of cells, the basic units of life. They exhibit different levels of organization, from individual cells to tissues, organs, and organ systems.

2. Metabolism: All organisms carry out chemical reactions to acquire and use energy for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. This includes processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient cycling.

3. Growth and Development: Organisms increase in size and complexity over time. They undergo specific developmental stages, often guided by genetic instructions.

4. Response to Stimuli: Organisms react to changes in their environment, such as light, temperature, or the presence of food or predators. These responses help them survive and adapt.

5. Reproduction: Organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuity of their species. This can be through sexual or asexual means.