1. Meristematic Tissue: This is the undifferentiated tissue responsible for plant growth. It contains actively dividing cells that differentiate into other types of tissues. There are three types of meristematic tissues:
* Apical meristem: Found at the tips of roots and shoots, responsible for increasing the length of the plant.
* Lateral meristem: Located in the vascular cambium (for secondary growth in width) and cork cambium (for bark formation).
* Intercalary meristem: Found at the base of leaf blades and nodes, responsible for growth in length of stems and leaves.
2. Ground Tissue: This is the most abundant tissue type in plants, forming the bulk of the plant body. It performs various functions, including photosynthesis, storage, and support. There are three types of ground tissue:
* Parenchyma: Composed of thin-walled cells with large vacuoles. They perform photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
* Collenchyma: Cells with unevenly thickened cell walls. They provide structural support and flexibility to young stems and leaves.
* Sclerenchyma: Cells with thick, lignified cell walls. They provide support and protection to the plant.
3. Vascular Tissue: This is the transport system of the plant, moving water and nutrients throughout the plant. It consists of two types:
* Xylem: Transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
* Phloem: Transports sugars produced by photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
4. Dermal Tissue: This is the outer covering of the plant, forming a protective layer around the plant body. It consists of:
* Epidermis: The outer layer of cells in leaves, stems, and roots. It helps prevent water loss, regulates gas exchange, and protects against pathogens.
* Periderm: The outer layer of bark in woody plants, replacing the epidermis as the plant grows. It provides protection and insulation.