Here's how disruptive selection works:

* Extreme phenotypes are favored: The environment selects for individuals with traits at the extremes of a range, rather than those with average traits.

* Intermediate phenotypes are disadvantaged: Individuals with traits closer to the average are less likely to survive and reproduce.

* Divergence of the population: Over time, this selective pressure can lead to the population diverging into two distinct groups, each with a different extreme phenotype.

Examples of disruptive selection:

* Darwin's Finches: The beak sizes of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands diverged due to the availability of different types of seeds. Finches with very small beaks were able to eat small seeds, while finches with very large beaks were able to eat larger seeds. Finches with medium-sized beaks were less successful at both.

* Peppered Moths: During the Industrial Revolution, the dark coloration of peppered moths became advantageous as they were better camouflaged against the soot-covered trees. Lighter moths were more easily seen by predators and less likely to survive. This led to the divergence of the population into two distinct groups: light and dark moths.

It's important to remember that natural selection is a dynamic process and can lead to different outcomes depending on the environment and the traits being selected for. Disruptive selection is just one of many ways that natural selection can shape populations.