1. Genus: This is the first part of the scientific name and refers to the group of closely related species the organism belongs to. It is always capitalized.
2. Specific epithet: This is the second part of the scientific name and is specific to the particular species within that genus. It is always lowercase.
Example:
* Homo sapiens: This is the scientific name for humans.
* "Homo" is the genus, which includes other extinct human species like *Homo neanderthalensis*.
* "sapiens" is the specific epithet, which identifies our specific species.
This two-part naming system is known as binomial nomenclature, and it was developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. It allows scientists worldwide to communicate about organisms using a standardized system, avoiding confusion caused by common names that vary from place to place.
