1. Support: The stem provides structural support for the plant, holding up leaves, flowers, and fruits. This allows the plant to reach for sunlight and maximize photosynthesis.

2. Transport: The stem contains vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem carries water and minerals absorbed by the roots upward, while phloem carries sugars produced by the leaves to other parts of the plant.