Photosynthesis:
* Chloroplasts: These organelles are found in plant cells (and some algae and bacteria) and are the primary site of photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy. Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages within the chloroplast:
* Light-dependent reactions: Occur in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
* Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle): Occur in the stroma, where carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose.
Cellular Respiration:
* Mitochondria: These organelles are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the primary sites of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.
* Glycolysis: This initial stage occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
* Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): This cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
* Electron transport chain: This process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Key Differences:
* Photosynthesis: Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
* Cellular Respiration: Uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
Important Note: While chloroplasts are specific to plant cells and some other organisms, mitochondria are found in almost all eukaryotic cells, including animal, plant, and fungal cells.
