1. DNA Replication: The single circular chromosome of the bacterium replicates, creating two identical copies.
2. Cell Growth: The cell grows in size and elongates.
3. Separation of Chromosomes: The replicated chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
4. Cell Wall Formation: A new cell wall forms across the middle of the cell, separating the two chromosomes.
5. Cytokinesis: The cell membrane pinches inward, dividing the cytoplasm and forming two identical daughter cells.
Key Points:
* Binary fission is a fast and efficient method of reproduction for bacteria.
* Each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the parent cell's genetic material.
* This process allows bacteria to quickly colonize a new environment.
In addition to binary fission, bacteria can also exchange genetic material through:
* Conjugation: A direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through a pilus (a thin tube-like structure).
* Transformation: The uptake of naked DNA from the environment.
* Transduction: The transfer of genetic material through a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria).
