1. Pollination: Humans often play a role in pollinating plants, especially those that rely on insects or animals for natural pollination. This is particularly relevant in large-scale agriculture.

* Hand Pollination: In some cases, farmers manually transfer pollen from one flower to another, ensuring fertilization and fruit production. This is common with specific fruit trees like apples and pears.

* Beekeeping: Keeping bee colonies in close proximity to crops helps facilitate pollination. Bees are incredibly efficient pollinators, playing a crucial role in the reproduction of many plant species.

2. Artificial Propagation: This refers to techniques that directly influence plant reproduction without relying on natural pollination.

* Grafts: Joining a stem from one plant (scion) onto the rootstock of another. This allows desirable traits from the scion to be expressed on the rootstock.

* Cuttings: Taking a piece of stem or root from a plant and encouraging it to grow roots. This method is used to create new plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

* Tissue Culture: This technique uses small pieces of plant tissue to create new plants in a controlled laboratory setting. It's particularly useful for quickly multiplying rare or desirable plant varieties.