The organelle that receives instructions from the hereditary material (DNA) on how, when, and in what order to make proteins is the ribosome.

Here's why:

* DNA contains the genetic code: DNA holds the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. These instructions are written in the form of genes, which are sequences of DNA that code for specific proteins.

* Transcription creates mRNA: The first step in protein synthesis is transcription, where the DNA code for a specific protein is copied into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

* Ribosomes translate mRNA: Ribosomes are the protein-making factories of the cell. They bind to mRNA and read the genetic code, using it as a template to assemble amino acids into a specific protein chain.

So, the ribosome receives the instructions from the DNA (via mRNA) and then uses those instructions to synthesize the protein.