Here's a breakdown:

* Artificial because humans are deliberately choosing which organisms reproduce, not natural selection.

* Selection because humans are selecting for specific traits that they desire.

This is in contrast to natural selection, where nature determines which organisms survive and reproduce based on their traits.

Examples of artificial selection:

* Domesticated animals: Dogs, cats, horses, cows, etc. have been bred for specific traits like size, temperament, and coat color.

* Crop plants: Wheat, rice, corn, etc. have been selectively bred for larger yields, disease resistance, and nutritional content.

* Antibiotic resistance in bacteria: Overuse of antibiotics leads to the selection of bacteria that are resistant, a concerning example of unintended artificial selection.