* Allele: A variant form of a gene. Genes carry the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
* Gene: A segment of DNA that contains the code for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule.
* Protein: Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, carrying out a vast array of functions.
Here's how it works:
1. DNA to RNA: The DNA sequence of an allele is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
2. RNA to Protein: The mRNA molecule is then translated into a protein.
3. Protein Function: The protein, depending on its specific structure, carries out a specific function. This function can be anything from building a muscle fiber to producing a pigment that gives your eyes their color.
Example:
* The gene for eye color has multiple alleles.
* One allele might code for a protein that produces brown pigment, resulting in brown eyes.
* Another allele might code for a protein that produces blue pigment, resulting in blue eyes.
Important Note: Alleles don't directly produce traits like brown eyes or blue eyes. They provide the instructions for making proteins that ultimately contribute to the development of those traits.