Here's a breakdown:
* Cladistics uses shared, derived characteristics (features that evolved in a common ancestor) to group organisms into clades. A clade is a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants.
* Species are defined by their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
* Cladistics can help us understand the relationships between species and how they evolved, but it doesn't directly determine if a new species has arisen.
Think of it like this:
* Cladistics is like building a family tree. It helps us understand who is related to whom and how they are connected.
* Species are like the individual branches on the family tree.
Cladistics helps us figure out how the branches are connected, but it doesn't decide whether a new branch (a new species) has sprung up. That requires other factors like the ability to reproduce.