1. Plasma membrane: A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls what enters and exits the cell.
2. Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell and contains the cell's organelles and other components.
3. Ribosomes: Small, granular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
4. DNA: The genetic material of the bacteria, usually a single, circular molecule. It contains the instructions for all the cell's activities.
5. Cell wall: A rigid, protective layer outside the plasma membrane that gives the bacteria its shape and protects it from bursting.
Note: Some bacteria have additional features, like a capsule (a sticky outer layer), flagella (for movement), pili (for attachment), or plasmids (small, circular DNA molecules).