1. Binding to the ribosome: Streptomycin binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This subunit is crucial for the translation process, where genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into proteins.
2. Misreading of mRNA: By binding to the 30S subunit, streptomycin causes the ribosome to misread the mRNA code. This results in the production of faulty and non-functional proteins.
3. Inhibition of protein synthesis: The production of incorrect proteins disrupts essential cellular processes and leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis entirely.
4. Cell death: The inability to synthesize proteins is fatal for bacterial cells. They are unable to carry out essential functions, leading to their death.
Key features of streptomycin's action:
* Specificity: Streptomycin primarily targets the bacterial ribosome, which is structurally different from the eukaryotic ribosome found in human cells. This explains its selective toxicity toward bacteria.
* Irreversible inhibition: Streptomycin binds irreversibly to the ribosome, making it a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis.
* Bactericidal: Streptomycin directly kills bacterial cells, unlike some antibiotics that only inhibit their growth.
Important Note: While streptomycin is a powerful antibiotic, it can have some side effects. It can cause damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss, and can also affect kidney function. Therefore, it's crucial to use it only as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
