1. Waste products: Animal cells produce waste products as a byproduct of metabolism. These can include carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and urea. If these substances accumulate inside the cell, they can become toxic and disrupt cellular processes.
2. Excess water: While cells need water to function, too much water can lead to swelling and even lysis (bursting). Animal cells actively transport excess water out to maintain their proper volume and function.
These substances are transported out of the cell through various mechanisms, including diffusion, active transport, and exocytosis.
